Convictions: Slate's blog on legal issues

First Contractor Prosecution Ends in Guilty Plea

Via the Washington Post and the military's press shop in Baghdad, I learned this morning that the first military prosecution of a civilian contractor in Iraq has ended in a guilty plea. According to today's story:

Also Monday, the U.S. military announced that a Canadian man working as an interpreter for the U.S. military in Iraq was sentenced to five months of confinement after pleading guilty in the stabbing of a colleague in February.

The contractor, Alaa "Alex" Mohammad Ali, was the first civilian prosecuted since a 2006 amendment to the Uniform Code of Military Justice allowed the military to court-martial civilian contractors.

According to the military, Ali stabbed another contractor with a knife at a military facility on Feb. 23 near Hit, in western Iraq. A judge dropped the most serious charge filed against him, aggravated assault, after Ali agreed to plead guilty to obtaining a knife without permission, disposing of the weapon after the assault and lying to military investigators.

The prosecution marked the first time that the military's justice system was used to prosecute a civilian contractor on the battlefield since at least 1968. The change came about because of a 2006 amendment to the Uniform Code of Military Justice, inserted at the last minute by Sen. Lindsay Graham, which expanded the UCMJ's jurisdiction to cover civilians during "contingency operations" (like Iraq and Afghanistan) in addition to times of declared war.

The change generated a great deal of legal commentary and raised many thorny legal questions as to whether it was constitutional to apply military law to civilians. The best precedent on the matter is the Supreme Court's decision in Reid vs. Covert, in which the court strongly hinted in a footnote that it would bless such prosecutions in an area of active hostility. Add that to the Supreme Court's favorable view of military justice, as seen in the recent Guantanamo cases, and it's likely that this conviction would have been affirmed.

But, of course, this case ended in a plea bargain, so we likely won't get the chance to see any of those questions resolved on appeal. I predict that the military will continue to use its UCMJ authority to prosecute contractors—but only in those rare cases where both the Justice Department and local authorities refuse to act.

Contractor To Be Court-Martialed in Iraq

Via Scott Horton comes the news that the U.S. Marine Corps has charged an Iraqi-Canadian civilian contractor in Iraq with brandishing a knife and stabbing another contractor. The charges follow an important change to the Uniform Code of Military Justice in September 2006, which, in theory, extended the code's reach to include civilians and contractors on the battlefield. As Scott notes, there's still much we don't know here. But this case does represent a significant development in the application of U.S. law to contractors overseas, and I think there will be a lengthy court fight over whether the UCMJ can be applied to civilians in this manner.